Environmental Engineering Diponegoro University History


Facing the challenges of globalization and sustainable development of human resources, both expertise and a quality skilled and responsive to environmental issues is still very much needed. Driven by ideas and beliefs as well as foundation and spirit to face these challenges encourage the establishment of the Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering of Diponegoro University who stood by the letter, the Director General of Higher Education No. 377/DIKTI / PEM / 1998 set on October 21, 1998.
Environmental Engineering Program began accepting new students in the odd semester of the school year 1999/2000. Head of Department first is Ir. Nasrullah, MS with the Secretary of the Department is Ir. Syafrudin, CES, MT.
Environmental Engineering Program has received accreditation outcome B (in accordance with SK BAN PT MONE No: 018/BAN-PT/Ak-X/S1/VIII/2007.
VISION PROGRAM STUDY
Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering Studies Program to be a leader in the development of Science and Technology (Science and Technology) in general and Environmental Engineering Technology in accordance with the needs and development of society both locally, regionally and globally.
MISSION PROGRAM STUDY
1. Organizing higher education degree level (Tier 1) in the field of Environmental Engineering Technology through the process of Tri Dharma in Professional Higher Education so as to produce graduates with a competitive advantage and cooperative. 2. Implement, develop and disseminate Science and Technology Engineering Environmental Technology in efforts to achieve environmental sustainability in both the terrestrial and coastal environment in harmonious and balanced in order to realize the welfare of the community and the world and join the intellectual life of the nation. 3. Advance research, publications and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in the development of Science and Technology (Science and Technology). 4. Implementing Community Service with respect to local knowledge as the implementation of Science and Technology (Science and Technology).
PURPOSE OF PROGRAM STUDY
1. Being the center of the development of science in engineering and environmental technology at local, national and international. 2. Produce graduates with basic engineering in the field of a strong and professional environment. 3. Produce research-oriented research excellence and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) as well as play a role in the development of engineering science and technology environment. 4. Contribute to problem solving as a form of Community Service through the approach to appropriate technology and community development. 


http://staff.undip.ac.id/env/sejarah/ 

Handful of Diamonds In Trash Heap


Hidayat, Director of Mitratani Self Prime (Mittran). The business manage waste into renewable energy, and sell it to utilities. A number of residential waste management services are now wearing them.
What volume of waste generated per day of capital? According to the records of DKI Jakarta Sanitation Department, each person in the garbage the city produces an average of 2.9 liters per day. With a population of about 12 million people, including the commuter, every day they pile up 26 945 cubic meters or about 6,000 tons of garbage. If all the rubbish had been piled at the Park National Monument (Monas), which covers about 110 hectares, certainly within 40 days the park will be transformed into one-meter-high pile of garbage!. 


Instead of processed adhere to the principle of reuse, reduce, recycle, waste was simply dumped on the Final Disposal (TPA) Bantar Gebang. If you do not take into account the carrying capacity, it is not impossible cases longsornya midden that killed local people likely to recur. Latest news, now there are six companies from Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, Canada, and Singapore are competing waste management project in Bantar Gebang. They claim to be able to process and generate carbon credits based on the concept of clean development mechanism (CDM).
Indeed, on the outskirts of Jakarta, there Hidayat who can manage the waste according to the CDM concept earlier. Under the auspices of the Foundation House Change, PT Mitratani Self Prime (Mittran) his has to do the things that foreign entrepreneurs had promised two years ago. He was even able to supply biomass for several companies. 



Trash exchanged Milk
Originally, the Hidayat is a supplier to the supermarket Hero chrysanthemum flower. In addition, since 1993, he also produces waste processing machinery, such as plastic or presses a thrasher garbage. However, the majority of machines sold was just a mere decoration. Buyers, who mostly come from a number of local governments, not to optimize its operation. "Rather than mangkrak machine in the barn, why not all companies offer waste management services?" Thought Hidayat, at the time.
As a first step, Hidayat offers the concept of waste management in the neighborhood where he lived, in the region Jatimurni, Bekasi. "Resistance citizens immense," he moaned. Men born in Magelang, August 26, 1963 was then requested permission of the RT / RW authorities to install trash cans on the main streets of many villages inhabited by lower social class society. One of the first month, every morning, employees Mittran pick up the trash. As an introduction, he is not charging a penny. A month passed, before a meeting of citizens, it offers an option: people will continue to use his services to clean up the environment or not. As a result, all residents continue to use the services of Mittran consensus. As an entrepreneur, he then said that the service is not free. 


For each bin, he is allowed to charge fees Rp30.000 per month. One barrel can be used together or individually. If the six families taking a barrel, means each family only pay Rp 5,000 per month. Later, with the pickup, Mittran workers will only take waste that is inserted in the barrel. If there is a runoff, they would leave in place originally. "I want people to calculate how much rubbish they produce each day," said Hidayat. So, if people want to cut trees or hold a celebration, which will produce garbage if more than usual, they should coordinate with the Mittran.
Well, that waste was spilling out of the barrel, the company offers barter for goods that can be recycled, such as telephone books, old newspapers, or a bottle of ketchup. Each kilogram, the company gave a 500 that can be exchanged with eggs, instant noodles, or milk. According to this Kusmayawati husband, the program can stimulate people to sort garbage to be discarded. 


Options wearing barrels, instead of cement garbage bins, and place them on major roads, excluding the narrow alley, this is for the sake of efficiency. Hidayat account to collect the garbage can take 1.2 minutes. Compare with the trash that takes 6 minutes because staff have to scratch deeper. This means, in one hour, the officer is able to collect 40-50 Mittran barrel. If the officer working hours only six hours, they can pick up trash from 300 barrels in a region inhabited by 1500 families. "We are implementing systems such as PLN. If the resident fails to pay the levy, the company will withdraw and leave the garbage cans are scattered in front of their homes, "said an only child who grew up in this military family environment. Tong was, he added, belong to the company. 


In addition to dealing with waste in the region Jatimurni, Mittran also serves waste management in housing in the area Cinere, Cibubur, and Citeureup, besides Ciroyom Market, Bandung. "If you just buy the garbage processing machines, customers come from all over Indonesia," said UI graduate of the Faculty of Economics, proud. Now Mittran overwhelmed serve the demand from residential developers who terpincut with corporate style manage waste. However, companies do not take any chances. Because the volume of incoming waste must be balanced with a processing capacity of processing machine, so there are no hoarding. Every day, new Mittran able to manage the 7.5 tonnes of garbage.
Law of Conservation of Energy 


After the garbage collected, pickup immediately drove to the place of processing. There, waste put into sorting machine. The organic waste will be composted, while inorganic will experience a longer process, namely through the chopper and washing machine. The result was there were two options. Plastic waste which is still in good condition will be sold for recycling by other parties, while the trash that can not be left unharmed again be compacted to be used as biomass. Customer Mittran biomass is made of cement plants of PT Indocement Tunggal Tbk. They asked for 10,000 tons of biomass per month, unfortunately, can meet new Mittran 300 tons. This does not include requests from other cement plant, PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk., And several sugar mills. "They use biomass as fuel prices more expensive and want to get carbon credits," said Hidayat. Currently, more Hidayat, it was exploring cooperation with Japan for the technology of plastic into diesel fuel modifier, and of carrier gas methane contained in waste. 


Mittran currently employs 25 employees of the management, and dozens of freelance workers at the mills. For packing compost, for example, companies receive unemployment pay Rp100 per bag produced. In the morning they put the ID card, in the afternoon can take it back plus the money from his labors. Under the auspices of the Foundation House Change, Mittran held a 1000 creation of entrepreneur programs rubbish. They educate prospective entrepreneurs who are interested in developing this business in other regions. "This extraordinary business opportunity. If managed properly, waste can be very valuable, "said Roy Kuntjoro, Hidayat partners in the House Amendment. 


Basically, Mittran business grounded in the law of conservation of energy, and Hidayat by wrapping it with the theory of intelligent business. "Now, if you see the leaves fall from the tree, I immediately thought, ah, that's energy. If we were, could get money, "Hidayat said, laughing. This billiard enthusiasts deplore the potential energy and businesses that are stored in waste piles at the landfill Bantar Gebang, Leuwigajah, or Keputih, but not used optimally. "Rather than bother digging coal in the bowels of the earth, why not get it from the garbage that is around us?" He asked. 


From the trash business, according to estimates Warta Ekonomi, Mittran get at least 225 million per month. This does not include revenues from sales of machines, garbage fees, garbage fees prospective entrepreneurs, and the fee from the company its customers. "Just enough to enjoy life," said the father of Tio and Yoga, the calm. Nevertheless, he returned the profits to the community in the form of education. Therefore, the business prospects of exceptional value, less than ten years she plans to register his company to the trading floor. Once a row, the company can pursue environmental hygiene, getting alternative energy, and of course-pundinya fatten coffers. 


"Mittran Group" Jl. Hankam Raya Gg. Rambutan No. Jatimurni 51, Pondok Gede Bekasi Phone: 021-8459-2981, HP. 081380645959 Fax: 021-8459-2981 


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Halal Bi Halal TL 2003 - 2010 (English Version)



the head of the Armed Halal Bi Halal TL 2003 - 2010
Assalamualaikum Wr Wb.

articles made with difficulty, steal time, and a full appreciation of this will comfort the friends of all.
what's it??
let's check it out!

Thursday, October 14, 2010, in the mosque t.
civil, at 4 pm
an exclusive interview with the head of the armed halal bi halal TL 2003 - 2010, ahmad my name.

event held on the 1st of October 2010 in room c. 304 civil campus yesterday to give the impression that appeal to the participants and the committee. halal bi halal event involves students from the armed TL 2003 - 2010 and became the first event held by freshman TL. in accordance with the theme, 'knit relationship, reach achievement', the event aims to establish a relationship of various forces. This event was attended by 200 people comprising of new students and students from various armed TL

This activity is very simple. begins with the opening of the MC, I’m n zulfikar, with greeting basmalah. then continued with the reading of the Quran by aa bim and Khafid. After that, welcome - welcome by ahmad myname, as chairman of the committee, dedication as komting 2010, kak HMTL nova as chairman, and chairman Hayatun Nufus. After that, kak Imron hamzah of psychology Undip 2006 provides a full Tausyiah wisdom to the participants. entering the core event, the event halal bi halal, the atmosphere turned into a solemn c.304 space. greet each participant then continued shaking hands with meals.

The execution of an event always provides a deep impression to the committee for the committee especially halal bi halal. The event committee organized by the new 2010 TL is the first time that it becomes an introduction to organizational campus arena. White black pengkonsepan event into the main menu in meetings held by the committee.
However overall, the event was lively, giving pride to the committee.

Ni intermezo just guys, going I’m love a particular coverage, a special vent without the egg from the chairman of halal bi halal, Ahmad Naufal.

Before I start telling about what's on my mind when appointed as chairman, do not forget I am grateful to kak SC Ilman as a very helpful work on the show this halal bi halal, Januar Kak, Kak Nova, Mr. Syafrudin, Mr. Mochtar, the committee is already working hard to succeed the event, maskam as the main meeting place, room C 304 is not forgotten, donors of equipment, and related parties who have not had time to be named.
That's All.

Okay, go to the core of the story, are you ready?
I'll begin the story ..

This event is the first event that I lead since I was born. Perhaps you know that the experience of the new organization I feel in TL Undip 2010. If you look at my CV that there may be organizational experience, it's all real because it is a lie just to fill the void my CV alone.
First of all I feel nervous about this event.
For what? can you imagine, just a month I know TL and friends. But great I was able to lead this very important event, because this is history for my life. This is my first event and I was chairman.
Everything was going so fast. Life is like a rocket. Actually this event is a very simple event because the event was under pressure from certain obligations that must be obeyed. And because we do not yet know each other so at the time the event a lot of shortcomings but more EXCESS. Wkwkwkwk ....
All fatigue paid off already as a proud smile brother heart rate. "Well the show succeed as well!" I told myself. Maghrib arrived, acarapun full. Free of all responsibility.

But after 1 week 2 weeks went by it felt bored, too. Lecturer return home duty assignment Lecture's home tasks. Remembering when the load is still there on the shoulders, remembering when mat less. Banner has not finished, not yet planned 
But that's my past. The old days that gives color in my life. Hahaha


That's All ..
How, interesting right?
Okay, wait for me in the next episode
Wassalamualaikum!

Reason! (English Version)


Why I'm very excited to create blogs TL? Actually because ...



Hmph, environmental engineering Undip actually have a good potential to develop into the best TL that rivals other TL majors in Indonesia and the world. But because it's Diponegoro University is currently entering the stage of development, especially in terms of IT, the environmental engineering Undip still mediocre. Luckily this time, in TL 2010 are IT people who can make the web a good and professional, just wait for time only. This blog is just a beginning for the development of TL 3 years into the future. As promised, the authors believe TL Undip the next 3 years will be majoring in a growing and capable of being viewed nationally and internationally! Amin!

So, for all my friend in TL Undip 2010, the author asked for his help ya .. Any post received here, there is no difference. ALL CAN WRITE!

OK! See you at the next post !!

Indonesia Task (English Version)


INDONESIAN TASK
based on the following articles, specify:a. topic, the purpose of writing, and thesisb. formulate the main points of the mind in the articlec. based on the points above the mind, make a summary
source readings: Composition essay Gorys Keraf
duties collected via email no later than Monday mulyohp@yahoo.com 12 pk
thank you

Because of Merapi Mbah
SindhunataTuesday, November 9 last, the status of Mount Merapi was still threatening. Radius of 20 kilometers is still dangerous. Together Agus, a volunteer, that morning I was allowed into the area Pakem.Friends volunteers in monitoring post Mangunan Village, Harjobinangun, Pakem, say, the status of Merapi is sloping. If you still want to go upstairs, please, so long as no more than an hour. By driving a car, Agus and I hurried upstairs, to the hamlet Wonorejo, ten kilometers from Merapi.The street is very quiet. We only met some people who were carrying grass to feed livestock. Cars can not enter the hamlets because before leaving the village, residents pulling down bamboo trees as a barrier to their village disatroni not thieves as long as they fled.We entered the village on foot. Silent immediately ambushed us. Occasionally the silence is shattered by the barking of dogs. I sempatkan myself to see some cows and sheep barn. Thankfully, there is grass for them. Only the chickens that did not seem to find food. The chickens were down sluggish, and some chickens lay the carcass.Finally we arrived at Coral Klethak, a slope at the edge of the hamlet which borders Wonorejo Kali Boyong. In Coral Klethak have a petilasan, name petilasan Mbok Turah. We were silent for a moment before the statue of ash-covered Mbok Turah.Me to the edge of the slope and saw Kali Boyong which has turned out to be shallow and very wide. I ask, where large stones are used to I see? Large stones turned out to have been buried in the sand, which comes down with a cold lava from the summit of Merapi. Kali Boyong under Coral Klethak it almost has become a lake of sand. And through the gaps, the river water flow.Collective fearIn petilasan Mbok Turah, in the middle of Mount Merapi is memorakporandakan and disabling everything, I feel back deep into simple stories about Merapi population over the years. Mount Merapi is erupting.But I keep hearing people on the slopes of Merapi says so: Mbah Merapi again duwe gawe. Duwe gawe what? Duwe gawe reresik lan menungsane Awake (Mbah Merapi is a celebration. A celebration of what? Celebration cleanse himself and human). And they said again: Merapi ning ora njeblug mad. Merga what? Merga kelakuane menungsa (instead of Merapi erupts, but angry. Angered by what? Because human behavior).From their statement was that the events at Merapi seen relationally against life and human behavior. In the understanding that simple people, nature never stands alone: natural and man are in a close and deep relationship. Therefore, natural events, such as the eruption of Merapi, also could be arrested as a purification or a warning against man and his behavior.Merapi eruption powerful this time not only threatening the refugees who were scattered in the area of Yogyakarta, Klaten, Boyolali, and Magelang, but also the collective fear. Collective, because of fears that the whole society, outside the victim. Anyone suddenly seized with anxiety, it could have erupted about it and destroyed all his property.Collective fear becomes disproportionately more, it means to be superfluous and no longer comparable with the actual reality of the threat of disaster. Collective fear is also a fertile ground for various kinds of speculation that the more alarming heresy of man, especially if the media follow-ngipasinya flutter.Science was, in this case volcanology, affected by the collective fear that, until any sophistication no longer dare to guarantee human safety due to the threat of eruption of Merapi.In the collective fear, the man cornered back on the limitations and ketakmampuannya.No wonder if Merapi is then felt as ketransendenan which transcends all human limitations. That's the experience that makes people look at Merapi volcano is not as, but as a symbol that contains ketransendenan. Merapi then personalized and addressed with Mbah Merapi.Because loaded by a transcendent, Merapi must be respected. And in front of him, one must be humble. When Merapi showed his power with the symptoms of the threat of eruption, selayaknyalah people willingly admit its glory away from him. The power and majesty it should not and can not be countered by any pretext, also on the pretext of loyalty.Challenging the majesty and power of Merapi is the opposite of humility is required when dealing with human transcendence, symbolized by Merapi. Here Mbah Merapi that his impression of mythological and irrational that it could force people to be sensible and rational.Arif, so that he be clear and avoid arrogance. And rational, so he would not speculate with any calculation, including mysticism and the occult, except the fact that the eruption has been threatened. Unfortunately, this is ignored, and consequently only a human sacrifice of lying.In the context of our present state and upheaval, eruption of Merapi was smashed power of nature that forces us to abandon irrationality and firmly hold on to the rational. This would apply even more so for our leaders. Because this country's leaders do not often hold on to perklenikan and irrational things in running power?To legitimize his power, they SOWAN to those elders or healers who deemed linuwih. Faced with a njeblug Merapi, it was no magic anymore. What can and should we make only act rationally and not arrogant toward transcendence.Merapi eruption thus force people to recognize their limitations and do all it can to use common budinya.Amendments to the attitude of human life that coincided with the eruption of Merapi, that's what people dibahasakan slopes of Merapi in this statement: "Mbah Merapi again reresik lan ngresiki manungsane Awake" (Mbah Merapi is being cleaned up and clean up man)."Break" with the progressIt has long been suspicious of the astute scholar what is called progress. Triggering of human civilization for unremitting efforts progress. Old-old man seeking advancement was not for the sake of humanity and the environment, but for the sake of progress itself.The idea of such progress actually storing the destruction of progress itself. It's hard to make a break for people who generally ndableg and hard-hearted, that the idea of progress is wrong. Cruelty alamlah only apparatus that can rebuke the violence and absurdity of the human heart. And that's what would happen with Merapi eruption this time.It really has been an error in ourselves and our environment today. And the error was not detected because of the optimism we will progress.Meanwhile, optimism itself because the view of our history that merely linear: we can move forward and keep going until we reach perfection that we pursue. This idea makes us feel stable and well established.But this idea is not balanced, because he forgets and ignores the natural history should also be part of our history. And in contrast to the linear progress of history and well established, the natural history contain coincidence, diskontinuasi, and disintegration.Because we could not break away from natural history, then one day diskontinuasi, disintegration, and it happened to go into our history and ransacked the establishment and break our linearity. That is what the concept is called because of Java. And this time because it coincided with the eruption of Merapi. So because of that happens, tersibaklah all silliness and our mistakes that have been covered and covered.Because it uncover to us that akeh tumindake manungsa nalisir kang, akehbarang mrojol saka order, much human behavior is deviant, and a lot of things crashing order. Does not common this Merapi eruption we witnessed with the more outspoken human activities, much less act of our leaders, who do not know themselves, which deviate from the norms and order?Because it also made tossed whatever our leaders may reribet uwohipun (only produce confusion and inconvenience only). Clearly, our leaders made such as loss of power and power to help people. Good intentions of our leaders seemed to always be broken into failure.Would not want our leaders to get closer to the disaster area Merapi has recently even become a joke because it does not produce anything, even create reribet right?It seemed to spay grandeur of Merapi eruption that has been heralded our leaders. Because it also ngilangake tentreming mind, tinulak compaction of the taxable, even my andelarung ndadra (remove inner peace, can not be avoided, even more be-so). Is not this the Merapi eruption has caused a collective fear, which makes anyone who is not peaceful, and felt unable to escape from the danger?And when that happens because, in order arta without power, kasantikan datan migunani, tansah usreg isining rat (charm money helpless, paralyzed supernatural power, and its contents continue chaotic universe.) Is not this the Merapi eruption has been a consuming magic, making futile any treasure pile, and to apply restlessness and anxiety matchless?"Memayu hayuning Buwana"Merapi eruption is indeed a work of nature. But as the trouble, he has been accused and reprimanded man, pushed his mistake. And in the minds of Java, not just because of the disaster: because the universe is a renewal process, triggered by changes or natural disasters.So with the eruption of Merapi as because of, not only natural but also man who cleaned and updated.Therefore, with reresik Awake (clean up and organize themselves) via the eruption of Merapi, a symbol of transcendence that, in fact is to invite people to renew, cleanse, and organize themselves.With the eruption, Merapi forced the man to ngeduwungi nyingkiri tumindake sing ala lan (repent and turn away from bad behavior.) In this sense, the natural eruption of Merapi was also an event of transcendental because it forces people to repent and turn again to Khaliknya and accountable for all actions. The latter is indeed the deepest meaning of the eruption of Merapi as trouble.Penance that will materialize after the eruption of Merapi when this man would bring together memayu hayuning Buwana, who had been left behind. Memayu hayuning Buwana is safety concept that promotes an ethic of life: nature and include natural pity in your life, if you want to survive.With the concept of salvation, the man casually invited to no longer determine their own history. Clearly, humans must take into account the universe, with all its wealth and drawbacks, if he would survive.So the rate of optimism towards progress, people also have to guard against disintegration, eruption, and diskontinuasi caused by natural renewal.Thus, people are educated to always eling lan alert, that man is only part of the totality, therefore it should not be casually follow the greed and kerakusannya own. Faced with the universality of it, people will experience ketransendenan, which made her realize that he is a man who is very limited.Memayu hayuning Buwana it not only with respect to nature, but also with kesosialan and togetherness. Wisdom is what is taught by the eruption of Merapi, and has suddenly become a praxis that ignites hope. Indeed Merapi eruption this time has been to unite all people to give themselves to humanity.Everyday this country are anxious because of the threat of class and religious differences. These problems suddenly disappeared because of eruption of Merapi. All the people together to help victims and refugees, regardless of religion and studied them. Muslims housed, serviced, and runs his worship in churches and Christian schools or Catholic. Christians and Catholics ruled in peace and security at mosques.Seminary, where the Catholic church seminarian education, churches also turned out to be a place, where the propagators, ustaz, and the students entered tahlilan Nadlatul Ulama, yasinan, salawatan, and recitation with refugees are Muslim. Religions suddenly forced to forget the difference when they are together facing humanity is being threatened by the suffering caused by eruption of Merapi.Indeed eruption of Merapi was to give an opportunity for us to build and create together, despite all differences. And eruption forced religions to come back in essence: that religion exists, not for religion itself, but for the sake of humanity throughout the universe. Each religion does have its own goals, but each religion can not stand alone, they are related to one another, so they are related to universals.And to seek universals that is comfortable for humans, eruption of Merapi to open what should be done religions: not touting his teachings and claims of truth, but realize that unites humanity.Meanwhile, the Merapi eruption also been confirmed that virtually humanity can unite the difference and could be a basis for unity. Therefore, the eruption is a very valuable lesson about memayu hayuning Buwana or construction of the universe, namely: We will be saved together, or we will not be saved at all!Cultural opportunitiesMerapi's eruption has caused suffering. However, the eruption also gives sustenance in abundance, in the form of sand and volcanic ash that fertilize crops. Simple citizens presumably would benefit from that provision.But, besides all, the Merapi eruption also gives tremendous cultural opportunities. Community leaders would need to take advantage of these opportunities, in particular lane X. Because, in addition to the governor, Sultan is a cultural leader in the place where the eruption of Merapi was giving these cultural opportunities.Like when the reform erupted and the Sultan took the initiative to shout a change, so too when Merapi erupted, this time the Sultan would have to shout that the safety of the nation and our society can only be achieved if we achieve it together.Personal Sultanlah the most competent and responsible to call for the wisdom that is taught memayu hayuning Buwana Merapi eruption this time, namely, that humanity, what else could being threatened with suffering, it should unite us despite all the differences that we have.Sultan should also remind that put differences with dereliction of humanity is a betrayal of the transcendental experience of memayu hayuning Buwana provided by the Merapi eruption this time.Sultan would not be silent to not get enough of calling for and realizing the wisdom of Merapi's eruption. If Sultan silent, cultural opportunities conferred by Mbah Merapi because it will disappear swallowed by the forgetfulness of the typical diseases of this our beloved nation.
(Sindhunata Journalist, the magazine's editor Base, Yogyakarta)

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